Dynamometer



s sheets-sheet 1. J. EMERSON. DYNAMOMETER.

(No Model.)

Patented Mar. 18, 1890..

...lll IIIII.. .11. x 1J l lllll.. 1\ l.

ulllll HHH (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. EMERSON.

l DYNAMOMBTER.

No. 423363. Patented Mar. 18,1890.

(NdMoaeL) K a sheets-sheet 3.

J. EMERSON.

DYNAMOMETBR.

No.423`, 863. Patented Mar. 18, 1890,

UNITED STATES nrnnr Erica.Y

JAMES EMERSON, OF WILLIMANSE'IT, ASSIGNOR TO THE EMERSON POVER SCALECOMPANY, OF FLORENCE, MASSACHUSETTS.

DYNAMOVIETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 423,863, dated March18, 1890.

Application iiled August Z9, 1889. Serial No. 322,382. (No modell) Toall whom t may concern: prising the mechanism for primarily and mo- Beit known that I, JAMES EMERsON,a citimentarily indicating theresistance, as seen zen of the United States, residing at Williat rightangles to the shaft, the shaft and hub mansett, in the county of Hampdenand State and certain connecting-rods being shown in 5 of Massachusetts,have invented new and section as taken on the lines 3 3, indicateduseful Improvements in Dynamometers, of on Figs. l and 4c, which latterview, Fig. 4, is which the following is a'speciiication. a verticalsectional view taken on the plane This invention ina dynamometer orpowerindicated by the line 4 4 of Fig. 3. Figs. 5, scale, which is to beapplied and attached to 6,-and 7 are views of parts in detail to be 6oro the shaft of a machine, whereby the amount hereinafter referred to.

of power required to drive the machine may In order that the registeringmechanism of be determined, particularly relates to mechthe presentinvention may be readily underanism to be comprised in an instrument ofstood in its relation to a dynamometer of the character indicated, thepurpose of which which it forms a supplement, a form of dyn- 15 is notonly to afford most efficient means for amometer will be now describedwhich comthe momentary indication of the power in prises mechanism forindicating' but motransmission, but to also provide means for mentarilythe force in transmission necessary the registering of the accumulationsof power to overcome the resistance present in the maemployed and toexhibit thesame relative to chine to which such resistance is soimparted, 7o 2o means which are also provided for indicating and whichmechanism for securing such moand registering the velocity of thedrivingmentary indica-tion forms the subject of a shaft or other shaftto which the dynamomeseparat-e application for Letters Patent of ter maybe applied. By the said indicating the United States, filed by me Augustl5, 1889, and registering mechanisms for both velocity Serial No.820,867. 25 and exerted power computations may be read- In' thedrawings, A represents the primary ily made to ascertain the number offeet or shaft for transmitting power from the steamother units ofdistance-measurement'that the engine or other dynamic means to andthrough driving-pulley or other fixture on the drivthe secondary shaftB, which is or may be the ing-shaft has carried the resistance, or, asdriving-shaft of a machine or a series of ma- 8o 3o otherwise expressed,the number of pounds chines, parts of the dynamometer acting as a orother units of dynamometrical quantity coupling between the saidaxially-arranged indicated; and the invention consists in the shafts AB, as will shortly appear. The said construction and combination ofparts, all vdynamometercomprises, among other parts to substantiallyashereinafter stated and debe hereinafter mentioned or described, two 35 scribed, and as particularly set forth and hubs, one C of which iskeyed or otherwise seidentified by the claims. cured on the primaryshaft A, and the other In the accompanying drawings, in whichhubDissecuredonthesecondaryshaftB. The similar characters of referenceindicate corsaid hub C at one end is provided with a disk respondingparts in all the views, the present `or spider-frame having its outerrim formed 9o 4o improvements in automatic registering mechinto a flangec, concentric with and extended anismfor dynamometers are illustrated asover and toward said hub D, and within said applied in operativerelation upon and with flanged spider-frame E is disposed another themechanism comprised in a dynamometer disk or spider-frame F, which isformed on for primarily and momentarilyindicating the the said hub D,the said disk F also having 45 resistance. afiange d, forming its outerrim and lying Figure lis aside elevation of the dynamomwithin the iiangec of the disk E, the outer eter and automatic registering mechanism.periphery of said flange d being slightly sep- Fig. 2 is an elevation ofthe said parts, lookarated from the inner periphery of the ing at theleft-hand end thereof with relation flange c. roo 5o to its position asseen in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is an Located in coincident radial linesinterelevation of the parts of the apparatus comsectingthe common axisof the shafts A B and in a plane near the face of the disk F are twolevers G G, the inner ends of which lie near the surface of the hub D,while the outer end portions thereof pass through and outwardly beyondthe flange d, being pivotally connected to said flange, as at 10, andinto apertures 12 in said {iange on the disk E, and by the pins 13connected thereto, it being noted that the inner arm of each lever isseveral times longer than the outer arm. To the inner` ends of both ofthe said levers G are connected by the middles thereof two rods e whichrange in parallelism at right angles to said levers, and the ends ofsaid rods e are connected to the short arms f, which project radiallyfrom rocker-shafts ll and about per pendicularly from the length of thesaid rods e, having bearings for their rolling motions in studs orear-pieces 1l 1i, aiiixed to the face of the disk F 5 or, in otherwords, there are two parallel rocker-shafts at opposite sides of the hubD, standin gin lines parallel 'with and outside of said radially-alignedlevers G, each rockershaft having ashort radial or crankarm f at eachend, and to the corresponding end arms f on the opposing rocker-shaftsthe rods c are connected by their ends, said rods midway thereof beingpinned to the ends of said levers G. The connection between each end ofeach rod e with its respective arm f is by forming a slot 15 in the endof the rod and passing a pin 1G through the arm f and through said slot,it being noticed in Figs. 3 and 4 that when the dynamometer is not operating to indicate transmitted force the onter end walls of all of saidslots l5 l5 lie against their respective pins 1G. Both of saidrocker-shafts ll Il are provided intermediately thereof with radial armsg g, which are in a common plane intersecting the axial line of theshafts A B, and said arms extend inwardly toward the hub D and in linesoblique to the disk F, and to both of said radial arms g g theextremities of connecting-rods 17 17 are secured, which by their otherends are connected to apower-indicating element, which in the presentinstance is comprised in a sleeve J, movable axially on a longitudinalextension of the hub D.

It will be apparent from the description of the construction hereinabovegiven that on the rotation of the shaft with any given or suilicientpower before the disk F and shaft B will receive its rotation from theshaft A the levers G will be swung on their pivots 10 through the forceexerted by the shaft A on the flange c until the resistance to swingsuch levers G farther is equal that required to rotate the shaft B, whenthe said shafts A B will move in unison. lf in running a greaterresistance is placed on the shaft B, the levers G will be swung more andfarther out of their common radial alignment, while if the resistancebecomes lessened, the said levers will swing toward their common radialalignment. For instance, if the shaft and disk are rotated in thedirection indicated by the arrow 20, Fig. 8,thc levers G will be swungas indicated by the arrows 22 22. Then, with reference to the particularposition of the parts shown in Fig. 3, the upper rod c will be drawntothe left, its rightfhand end working on the pin 1G of the upper arm fof the right-hand roekshaft H, and the lower rod c will be drawn to theright, its left-hand end working on the pin 1G of the lower arm f of theother and left-hand rock-shaft H, the slots l5 in the lefthand end ofthe upper rod c and in the right-hand end of lower rod e permitting freemovements of the said portions of such rods over the pins 16 of theadjacent and corresponding rocker-shaft arms f. Therefore on rotatingthe shaft A, in the reverse directions to those indicated by the arrows22, when the left-hand end of the upper rod e and the right-hand end ofthe lower rod e will draw on the upper left-hand and lower right-handi'ockshaft levers f; and in either the forward or backward rotation ofthe primary shaft A the rock-shafts l I ll will roll in directions tocause, through the connecting means described, the sleeve to mo'vetoward the disk F at all times of indicating the transmission of anincrease of force from the primary to the secondary shaft, and to causethe sleeve to move away from the disk at times of indicating thetransmission of a decreasing force from the primaryto the secondaryshaft. Therefore it will' be seen that the dynamometer is adapted tooperate equally as well on a reversed as on a forward rotation of theprimary shaft.

The mechanism thus far described in detail constitutes the essentials ofthe invention forming the subject-matter of the hereinbefore-mentionedapplication for patent.

Beyond the longitudinal extension of the hub D, on which is the sleeveJ, is loosely placed a hub consisting of two separated portions K K',between which is disposed a hub L, a portion of which is pcripherallyformed into a worm-screw, as at l, and from the said two-part hub K K'are also two pending brackets in m', each of which also extends fartherdownwardly in supplemental bracket-arms 30 32. Pivotally supported onthe bracket-arm fm, is an angular lever M, one fork-shaped arm 33 ofwhich upwardly projects into an engagement with a split ring o,encircling the sleeve .l and held against axial movement thereof by thefianges 84 3l on said sleeve. The horizontally-extended arm of saidangular lever lll is formed at its end 36 into a sector-gear, whichengages with a movable shield Il', consisting of a disk axially mountedon a stud p on the bracket m', one portion of its periphery being formedwith gear-teeth 37, with which the teeth on the portion of the arm 35,comprising the sector, may mesh, and another portion of its periphery islaterally extended, or of flange form, as particularly shown at q, Figs.5, G, and 7. Rigidly attached to said shield-disk is an arm o', having abulb near its end resembling a pendulum IOO IIO

and terminating in an index-pointer 38. Moving as one with saidhorizontal arm 35 ofy the angular lever, but formed, preferably,separately therefrom,is another arm 39, to the outer end of which ispivotally connected a pendent rod P, the lower end of which is formedinto a piston 40, that closely fits the interior wall of a dash-pot Q,which is to be filled with oil or similar liquid, the said dash-potbeing immovably supported from the bracket-extension 32. Above thedash-pot the rod P is provided with a flange-rest 42, on which removablecounterpoise-weights 44 44 may be supported to modify the resistanceexerted by the power through thev primary shaft to the shaft B necessaryto affect to any given degree the indicating mechanism of thedynamometer now being described;

Supported between suitable portions of the brackets or the extensionsthereof is an indicating-dial R, of quadrant form, the curve of which isgenerated from the pivotal point coincident with pin p of the saidshield-disk, and on which the pendulum-rod swings, said quadrant dialbeing graduated or divided and subdivided in its length or a portionthereof, as shown. Mounted for rotation on the said stud p, whichsupports the shield-disk H', or otherwise supported so as to rotateindependent of said shield-disk, is a finely-toothed ratchet-wheel S. Ona bracket s, upwardly extended from the hub K, is a worm-wheel T,meshing with the worm-screw Z on the shaft B, and on the side of saidworm-wheel (or more specifically', as shown in Fig. 2, on a disk 45,laterally extended therefrom) is an eccentric-pin 46, to which isconnected one end of a drag or pawl-rod t, the other end of which is ofa hook form, as shown in 47, said hooked end lying either in contactwith the outer face of the shield-disk flange q or in contact orengagement with the teeth of said ratchetwheel S, according to theconditions, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

0c and y represent yregisteringcounters, each of which may be of thesame well-known constructions as those employed to registerpiston-strokes of steam-engines or the rotations of the main shaftthereof and of other machines, each of which counters is provided with areciprocatory arm 49 or 50, attached to its operating-shaft.

On the stud or shaft p, supporting the shield-disk, and to which thesaid ratchetwheel S is aflixed, is a Vface-plate 52, having aneccentric-pin 53 thereon to which one end of a pitman-rod 54 isconnected, the other end thereof being attached to the operatingarm 49of the counter-register oc, so that on each complete rotation of theratchet-wheel S the counter-register will be operated to bring to viewthe next successive number. On the arbor u, on which the worm-wheel Tand face-plate 45 are attached, is also another face-plate 53a, to theeccentric-pin 54a of which one end of a pitman-rod 55 is connected, theother end being attached to the operating-arm 50 of the counter-registery, so that on each rotation of the worm-wheel T the counter will beoperated to bring to View the next successive number.

From the description of the mechanism hereinabove given it will beunderstood that the number of rotations of the primary shaft A and ofthe secondary shaft B may be indicated and registered. If, as inpractice is the case, each rotation of the shafts A and B through thevworm-screw Z moves the wormwheel T one-hundredth of a rotation, saidlatter wheel having one hundred teeth therein, on starting thecounter-register fy at O and running for a time, the number thenregistered would stand for hundreds of rotations, and if thecounter-register indicates, say, the number 12,035 it is to be computedthat 1,203,500 rotations have been made, and then, knowing the velocityof the primary shaft and its diameter, or of its driving-pulley,readily, the given feet that a given quantity of power (as indicated bythe other counterregister in the manner to be next described has beencarried may be computed. Y

In the transmission of power from the primary to the secondary shaft,more or less and variable, as' the case may be, the extent of thesliding movement of the sleeve J, as is' now plain, governs, of course,the extent of the partial rotation of the shield-disk H `and the swingof the pendulum-pointer. The

normal'position of said shield-disk, or its position at the time nopower is in transmission, is such as to place the flange q so that itwill cover the reciprocatory movement of the hooked end of the pitman t,the forward end of such flange being coincident with the position of thepitman-hook when in its extreme forward movement; but according as thepower is more or less so more or less will the said shield-disk beturned on its axis and the shield-flange moved rearwardly to uncovermore or less of the teeth of the ratchet-wheel S, permitting' the hookedend of the said rod to engage the rearward uncovered tooth and to carrysuch tooth forward a distance corresponding to the limit of its forwardmovement. Therefore if under the utmost swing of the angular lever M,whereby the pendulum would be caused to indicate a maximum transmissionof power within the limits of the capabilities of the dynamometer underthe. then-present adj ust-v ment, the shield-disk would be turned toexpose teeth covering a circumferential extent on the ratchet equal tothe traverse of the reciprocatory pawl-rod t, and if such maximumcircumferential extent comprises ten ratchet-teeth on the forward draw'of the pawl- IOO IIO

rod t the ratchet-wheel will be caused to rotate to a correspondingextent, there are one hundred teeth in the ratchet and the shield-diskisso exposed that ten teeth may be engaged by the pawl-rod, the partialrotation of the ratchet-wheel will be equal to one-tenth of a wholerotation, and it Therefore, if

will be readily understood that under the transmission of less power theshielddisk will expose a smallcrnumber of ratchet-teeth for theengagement of the pawl-rod, and the ratchet-wheel will be turned to aless extent, such extent of rotation of the said ratchet being alwaysdependent on the amount of power in transmission, and the greater suchpower the sooner will the ratchet be caused to make one rotation, andeach complete rotation of the said ratchet-wheel will, through thepitman-rod connection 5l, operate the counterarm 49 and cause theregistration of the next succeeding number in the counter-register Theamount of power-say in pounds-required to be expended to cause onerotation of the ratchet-wheel S to once operate the counter having beendetermined, and the velocity or numberof rotations that the shaft hasmade in a certain time being shown by the counter-register y on notingon the counter-register cc the number of rotations indicated as havingbeen made by the ratchet S, which are indications of both force andresistance, the computation can be readily made for the reduction of thefigures indicated by the counter-registers to horsepower or otherdynamoinetrical units.

I claiml. In adynamometer, the combination, with a movable partthereof-as, for instance, the sleeve J -actuated and governed by theforce in transmission, substantially as described, of the ratchet-wheeland a counter-register, a shield-disk for said ratchet-wheel, having aflange overlying a portion of the ratchet-teeth, a ineans of connectionfor imparting from the above-mentioned sleeve aproportionately-corresponding extent of rotation to said disk, areciprocating pawl operating, substantially as described, with relationto said shieldflange and said ratchet-teeth and connection, meansbetween said ratchet-wheel and counter-register for securing from therotation of the said wheel an actuation of said registercounter,substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a dynamometer, the combination, with a movable part thereof-as,for instance, the sleeve J -actuated and governed by the force intransmission, substantially as described, of the ratchet-wheel and acounter-register, a shield-disk for said ratchet-wheel, having a flangeoverlying a portion of the ratchet-teeth and having a portion of itsperiphery formed with gear-teeth, the angular lever M, intermediatelypivoted, one arm of which engages said movable part of the dynamometerand the other arm of which has its extremity formed to constitute asector-gear engaging the teeth on said disk, a reciprocating pawloperating, as described,with relation to said shield-flange and to theteeth of said ratchet-wheel, and means of connection y between saidratchetwheel and counter-register, substantially as described, for thepurpose set forth.

In a dynamometer, t-he combination, with a movable part thereof, as thesleeve J, actuated and governed by the force in transmission,substantially as described, of the ratchetwheel having on its arbor aface-plate provided with an eccentric-pin and a counterregister, ashield-disk for said ratchet-wheel, having a flange overlying a portionof the ratchetteeth, means, substantially as described, for impartingfrom the above-mentioned movable part a proportionately-correspendingextent of rotation to said disk, a reciprocating pawl operating,substantially as described, with relation to said shield-flange and saidratchet-teeth, and a pitman-rod between the said eccentric-pin and theoperating-arm of the counter-register, substantially as described.

4. The conilbination, with a driving and a driven shaft and adynamometer interposed, having a movable part therein-suoi), forinstance, as the sleeve J-actuated and governed as to the extent of itsmovements by the force in transmission, of a counter-register andmechanism interposed between said movable part and counter-register, andalso having a connection with one of said shafts, whereby during therotation of said shafts said mechanism is given a conti nuous action tooperate said counter-register, parts of said intervening mechanism beinggoverned by said movable part of the dynamometer, so that on an increaseor diminution of -the force in transmission said mechanism parts willhave increased or diminished extents of movement, and whereby more orless f rcquent actuations of the counter-register Will occur,substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. In combination, a driving and a driven shaft, one of which shafts hasthereon the worm I, a dynamometer applied on and between said shafts,comprising therein a inevable part-as, for instance, the sleeve.l--actuated and governed by the force in transmission, substantially asdescribed, aworm-wheel meshing with said worm and having on its arbor acrank or eccentric-pin, a ratchetwheel, and a counter-register, ashield-disk for said ratchet-wheel, having a flange overlying a portionof the ratchet-teeth, means, substantially as described, for impartingfrom the above-mentioned sleeve or its equivalent a corresponding extentof rotation to said disk, the pawl-rod t, by one end connected to saidcrank or eccentric-pin and by its other end operating, substantially asdescribed, with relation to said shield-flange and said ratchet-teeth,and means of connection for securing from the rotation of saidratchet-wheel an actuation of said registercounter, substantially asdescribed.

G. In combination, a driving and a driven shaft, one of which shafts hasthereon the worm l, a dynamometer applied on and between said shafts,comprising therein a movable part-as, forinstance, the sleeve J-actuatedand governed by the force in transmission, substantially as described, aworm-wheel IOO IIO

meshing with said .worm and having on its arborV two cranks oreccentric-pins, a ratchet- Wheel, and two counter-registers, ashielddisk for said ratchet-wheel, having a flange overlyinga portionofthe ratchet-teeth, means, substantially as described, for impartingfrom the above-mentioned'sleeve or its equivalent a corresponding extentof rotation to said disk, the paWl-rod t, by one end connected to one ofsaid eccentric-pins and by its other end operating, substantially asdescribed, with relation toV said shield-ilange and saidratchetteetli,1neans of connection for securing from the rotation ofsaid ratchet-wheel an actuation of one of said counters, and a pitmanrodconnected to the other of said cranks or eccentric-pins and to theactuating-arm of the other of said counter-registers, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

7. In combination, the shafts A B and a dynamoineter interposed betweenand connecting said shafts, having a movable part therein-such, forinstance, as the sleeve J- n actuatedand `governed as to the extent ofits movements by the force in transmission, the

worin Z, iiXed on the shaft B, and the hub K K', provided with suitablesupporting-brackets, the worin-wheel T, having on its arbor the cranksor eccentric-pins 46 and 54, the ratchet-Wheel having on its arbor acrank or eccentric-pin 53, and the shield-disk provided with the flangeq and gear-teeth, the angular lever M, one arin of which engages thesaid sleeve J and the other has its extremity of sector gear forniengaging the said diskteeth, the pawl t, by one end connected to theeccentric-pin 46 and operating with relation to the ratchet-teeth andshield-flange, substantially as described, two counter-registers x andy, and a pitinan-rod between the ratchetwheel eccentric-pin and theactuating-arm of the register and a pitinan-rod between the worm-Wheeleccentric-pin and the actuatingarm of the said register y, all arrangedfor operation substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

JAMES EMERSON. Witnesses:

H. A. CHAPIN,

WM. S. BELLoWs.

